In any chemical reaction, the limiting reactant is the substance that is totally consumed first, limiting the amount of product that can be formed. Calculating the theoretical yield based on this limiter allows scientists to measure the efficiency of their synthesis through percent yield.

This chemistry solver automates the stoichiometric conversions required to find the limiter and predicts exactly how much product should be generated in a perfect environment. According to the IUPAC Gold Book, accurate yield calculation is critical for reporting synthesis results in scientific journals.

Steps to Calculate Reaction Yield

1. Write the Balanced Equation: Ensure the number of atoms for each element is equal on both sides of the reaction.
2. Identify the Limiting Reagent: Convert the mass of each reactant to moles using their molar masses. Divide by the stoichiometric coefficients.
3. Determine Theoretical Yield: Calculate the mass of the product based on the limiting reactant.
4. Calculate Percent Yield: Divide the actual yield (the amount you actually measured in the lab) by the theoretical yield and multiply by 100.

Why Yield is Rarely 100%

In real-world laboratory settings, attaining a 100% yield is nearly impossible. Factors like side reactions, incomplete reactions, loss of product during filtration or transfer, and impurities in the reagents often result in a lower actual yield. High precision in weighing and careful laboratory technique are monitored by organizations like ACS to minimize these losses.