The Personal Balance Sheet: Understanding Net Worth
Net worth is the most accurate measure of financial health. It is the total value of everything you own (assets) minus everything you owe (liabilities). While income is important, net worth shows you what you actually keep and grow over time.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) often uses net worth as a criterion for "Accredited Investors," highlighting its role as a measure of financial sophistication and stability.
The Formula
Net Worth = Total Assets - Total Liabilities
What Counts as an Asset?
Assets are items of value that can be converted into cash. Our calculator categorizes them into:
- Liquid Assets: Cash, checking accounts, and savings accounts.
- Investments: Stocks, bonds, mutual funds, 401(k)s, and IRAs.
- Real Property: Your primary residence, rental properties, or vacant land.
- Personal Property: High-value items like vehicles, jewelry, or art.
What Counts as a Liability?
Liabilities are financial obligations or debts. These include:
- Mortgages: The remaining balance on your home or property loans.
- Consumer Debt: Credit card balances, personal loans, and student loans.
- Auto Loans: The outstanding balance on vehicle financing.
Why Track Your Net Worth?
Tracking net worth monthly or quarterly allows you to see the "long game." As you pay down debt and your investments grow, your net worth moves upward even if your salary stays the same.
According to the Federal Reserve's Financial Accounts of the United States, tracking household wealth is a primary indicator of economic resilience and standard of living.
How to Improve Your Net Worth
- Pay Down High-Interest Debt: Eliminating credit card debt instantly increases your net worth.
- Automate Savings: Consistent contributions to retirement accounts leverage compound interest.
- Avoid Lifestyle Creep: As your income increases, keep your expenses steady and invest the difference.